Dismiss this notification
PatientsLikeMe would like to remind you that your browser is out of date and many features of the website may not function as expected.
Please update your browser
for more security and a better experience.
Pyruvate, as a neuronal energy fuel and free radical scavenger; niacinamide, which boosts cofactor NAD, and creatine, which buffers and selectively parcels cellular energy utilization have shown neuroprotective effects in various animal models of brain injury or degeneration.